What is an abdominal ultrasound?
Abdominal ultrasound (USG) is a safe, painless, quick, and informative diagnostic imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to visualize the internal organs of the abdominal cavity.
What can be assessed with abdominal ultrasound?
During the examination, the following abdominal organs can be evaluated:
liver;
gallbladder and bile ducts;
pancreas;
spleen;
kidneys;
bladder;
prostate (in men).
Ultrasound is painless, safe, non-invasive, and harmless. It does not use ionizing radiation (X-rays) but instead uses ultrasound – high-frequency sound waves – making it suitable for pregnant women as well.
How is the abdominal ultrasound performed?
A transducer (probe) with a special gel is moved along the abdominal wall. Real-time images are produced using sound waves, showing the structure and movement of internal organs.
You will typically lie on your back, and during the exam, the doctor may ask you to turn to your left or right side.
If the bladder or prostate is being evaluated, the exam begins with a full bladder, after which the patient will be asked to empty it.
What conditions can be diagnosed with abdominal ultrasound?
Ultrasound provides information about the size, shape, structure, and function of abdominal organs and can detect abnormal masses or changes.
It can help diagnose:
kidney or gallstones;
congenital abnormalities or acquired pathologies;
acute or chronic inflammation;
cysts, benign or malignant tumors (discovery or monitoring);
internal bleeding or organ rupture following trauma.
How to prepare for the abdominal ultrasound?
To ensure optimal results:
Arrive fasting; if the exam is scheduled in the afternoon, avoid eating for 5–6 hours before;
You may drink only water beforehand;
For urinary system, bladder, or prostate ultrasound, arrive with a full bladder – drink at least 1 liter of water 1 hour before the exam and do not urinate until after the procedure.
You may take your usual daily medications with water.
Wear comfortable clothing that is easy to remove, and take off piercings or jewelry in the abdominal area.
When is abdominal ultrasound recommended by a doctor?
In case of abdominal or back pain, digestive issues, suspected gallstones or kidney stones, unexplained fever, or unexplained weight loss/gain.
For chronic diseases – the exam is recommended annually.
As a preventive check-up – also recommended once a year.
Duration: 10–20 minutes.
Results: Usually provided immediately after the examination.
Availability: Covered by the National Health Service (NHS), private health insurance, or as a paid service.
