What is proctoscopy?
Proctoscopy is a medical procedure during which a doctor examines the rectum from the inside using a special instrument called a proctoscope. A proctoscope is a narrow, transparent tubular instrument with a light source that helps the doctor inspect the walls of the rectum to identify inflammation, fissures, ulcers, polyps, tumors, or other problems. Proctoscopy is used to diagnose and evaluate diseases of the rectum and anal canal.
When is proctoscopy needed?
Proctoscopy is most commonly performed when the patient has complaints such as:
pain or discomfort in the rectal or anal area;
itching or discharge from the anus;
bleeding from the rectum or anus;
suspected hemorrhoids, polyps, or tumors;
changes in bowel habits—diarrhea, constipation, or unusual stool consistency.
Proctoscopy is also performed to monitor chronic rectal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, to collect tissue samples for histological examination, or to locate and remove foreign objects from the rectum.
How is the proctoscopy examination conducted?
The examination is performed by a surgeon proctologist.
The patient lies on their side or in another position as directed by the doctor. The doctor gently inserts the proctoscope into the rectum to examine its internal condition. The procedure lasts about 10-15 minutes.
Although the procedure is usually not painful, it may cause discomfort due to the air introduced into the rectum for better visibility. If needed or requested by the patient, the examination can be performed under local anesthesia.
During the proctoscopy, the doctor may take tissue samples (biopsies) from the rectal mucosa for diagnostic purposes.
After the proctoscopy procedure:
There may be slight discomfort or bloating, but this subsides quickly.
The doctor usually provides results immediately or after additional analyses.
For further treatment options, consult the referring physician and/or the proctologist who performed the examination.
What should be considered?
The day before the procedure, it may be recommended to use a Microlax enema or take bowel-cleansing agents. On the previous day, a light diet is advised, avoiding heavy foods.
Proctoscopy is a safe procedure, but in very rare cases, complications like bleeding may occur, especially if a biopsy was taken.
Both insurance-covered and paid services are available.
