What is rectoscopy?
Rectoscopy is a diagnostic procedure during which a doctor examines the rectum from the anus to the final part of the colon (and sometimes the lower part of the colon) using a special instrument called a rectoscope—a thin, transparent tube with a light source.
Rectoscopy helps diagnose various conditions, such as hemorrhoids, polyps, inflammation, or tumors.
When is rectoscopy necessary?
Rectoscopy is most often performed if there are:
unexplained pain or discomfort in the rectal area;
unexplained bleeding from the digestive tract;
prolonged diarrhea or constipation;
discharge from the rectum;
suspected diseases—polyps, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, or tumors in the rectum or lower colon;
complaints of incomplete bowel emptying or a foreign body sensation in the rectum;
the need for regular check-ups in cases of an increased risk of colorectal cancer (family history, past polyps);
follow-up examinations after treatment for rectal diseases to monitor the condition.
If you have any of these symptoms or risk factors, rectoscopy is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
How is the rectoscopy examination conducted?
The examination is performed by a surgeon proctologist.
The patient lies on their side or in another position as instructed by the doctor. The doctor gently inserts the rectoscope into the rectum to inspect its internal condition. The procedure lasts about 10-15 minutes.
Although the procedure is usually not painful, discomfort may arise from the air introduced into the rectum to ensure better visibility. If needed or requested by the patient, the examination can be done under local anesthesia.
During rectoscopy, the doctor may collect tissue samples (biopsies) from the rectal mucosa for diagnostic purposes.
After the rectoscopy procedure:
There may be slight discomfort or bloating, but this quickly subsides.
The doctor usually provides results immediately or after additional analyses.
For further treatment options, consult the referring physician and/or the proctologist who performed the examination.
What should be considered?
The day before the procedure, it may be recommended to use a Microlax enema or take bowel-cleansing agents. On the previous day, a light diet is advised, avoiding heavy foods.
Rectoscopy is a safe procedure, but in very rare cases, complications such as bleeding may occur, especially if a biopsy was taken.
