What is a thyroid ultrasound?
Thyroid ultrasound (USG) is a non-invasive imaging procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the structure of the thyroid gland in real time. It is a safe, quick, and painless diagnostic method that allows accurate assessment of the thyroid’s structure, size, and the presence of possible formations (such as nodules, cysts, etc.). The examination is performed using a high-resolution ultrasound machine and does not involve ionizing radiation.
How is a thyroid ultrasound performed?
The patient lies on their back with the head slightly tilted back to facilitate access to the front of the neck. A clear gel is applied to the skin to ensure good contact between the skin and the ultrasound probe. The doctor gently moves the probe over the neck area during the examination.
What can be diagnosed with thyroid ultrasound?
Ultrasound can help diagnose:
Nodules or cysts in the thyroid gland;
Inflammatory processes (e.g., thyroiditis);
Enlarged thyroid (goiter);
Benign and malignant formations;
Changes after surgery or therapy;
Changes in lymph nodes in the neck area.
It is an important tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid diseases.
When is a thyroid ultrasound recommended?
A doctor may refer you for a thyroid ultrasound if:
A lump or swelling in the neck is detected;
Thyroid disease is suspected (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism);
Blood tests show abnormal thyroid hormone levels;
Monitoring of previously detected formations is needed;
There is a family history of thyroid disease;
History of radiation therapy in the neck area;
Pre- or post-operative evaluation of the thyroid;
Discomfort, pressure, difficulty swallowing, or voice changes are observed in the neck.
Contraindications
There are no absolute contraindications.
Thyroid ultrasound is safe and uses no radiation, making it suitable for children, pregnant women, and elderly patients.
Preparation for the thyroid ultrasound
No special preparation is required. You may eat and drink as usual before the exam. If available, bring previous examination results: ultrasounds, lab tests, or doctors’ reports. It is recommended to wear clothing with a loose or easily unbuttoned collar for easier access to the neck.
The procedure takes about 10–15 minutes, and results are usually available immediately.
Good to know!
One of the most common thyroid conditions is the presence of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound detects them in more than 65% of adults. Most nodules are harmless and do not affect health. However, 5–15% of nodules may be malignant. Early detection of thyroid cancer usually leads to a full recovery.
The main goal of thyroid ultrasound is to distinguish nodules that require further examination or treatment from those that only need monitoring or have no clinical significance.
The thyroid is an endocrine gland that produces biologically active hormones regulating the body’s metabolism. It is a small organ located at the front of the neck.
Thyroid disorders can involve both overactivity (hyperthyroidism) and underactivity (hypothyroidism). Nodules may form regardless of whether thyroid function is normal or impaired.
Thyroid dysfunction can cause a wide range of health issues, so maintaining the health of this small but essential gland is crucial.
Improper thyroid function can cause irregular heartbeat, blood pressure changes, metabolic disorders, weight gain or loss, mood swings, sleep disturbances, excessive sweating, anxiety, restlessness, and fatigue.
